Friday, December 27, 2019

Essay on Biology Chromosome - 849 Words

1. 2. 3. All of Allison’s eggs will carry the X chromosome and 50% of Allison’s egg cells will carry the recessive allele (hexa). 4.a. There is a 25% chance that Allison and Tim will have a baby boy who is heterozygous for Tay-Sachs. b. No, the baby boy will not have Tay-Sachs he will be a carrier for the disease. The boy would only have the disease if he was homozygous recessive. | X | Y | X | XX | XY | X | XX | XY | 1:2 1:2 | T | t | T | TT | Tt | t | Tt | tt | 1x1=1 2X2=4 1:4= 25% 5. a. Yes, there is a 50% chance that the young woman will develop FFI disease. B. | f | f | F | Ff | Ff | f | ff | ff | This Punnett square shows that there is a 50% chance that the young woman will have†¦show more content†¦8. An allele can produce a protein in a very specific step by step manor. The whole process starts with transcription. Transcription starts in the nucleus. Transcription is the process of how RNA is created from a DNA template with the help of RNA polymerase. mRNA is a complimentary stand to the DNA template. This is a messenger to carry the information stored in the DNA in the nucleus out into the cytoplasm and to ribosomes on the ER. mRNA has to go through processing before it is able to pass through the membrane of the nucleus. The mRNA has a methylated cap added to the 5’ end and the poly-A tail is added to the 3’ end. Then there are certain sequences in the mRNA that are useless and are spliced out, these are called introns, the sequences of information that is important are called exons they are put together. On the mRNA each three bases in a row are called a codon. Each codon is specific to a certain amino acid. Translation occurs in the cytoplasm at the ribosomes, this is the process of how information from mRNA is used to synthesize a polypeptide. The codons on the mRNA have a matching complimentary anticodon on the tRNA molecules. A tRNA molecule is small and only can bind to one specific amino acid amino acid at one end and one specific mRNA codon at the other end. Protein folding is when the alpha helices and beta sheets fold on to itself to form a 3D shape. The dominant XPA allele is present all of this normally occurs in a human. All theShow MoreRelatedSex Is A Matter Of Chromosomes And Biology Essay1365 Words   |  6 Pagesbut culture is also embodied as food ways, health and activities which shape the body and influence secondary sex characteristics. Sex is anatomical and physiological attributes that refer to functions of reproduction. Sex is a matter of chromosomes and biolog y, genders are roles constructed socially, they can be variously interpreted changed, bent made ambiguous or heightened. Although genders are malleable, they must be understood by others in order to function. Understanding may be by all whoRead MoreProcess Of Dividing Body Cells And Their Nuclei Essay1268 Words   |  6 Pagesothers up, this leads into setting the stage for their division of the chromosomes that is present. For the chromosomes to be easily pulled apart later on they start o condense during this early stage. The mitotic spindle then begins to form. This spindle is a structure that is made of microtubules, strong fibers that are considered to be the part of the cell’s skeleton. The purpose of the spindle is to organize the chromosomes and to have the ability in moving them around during mitosis. The growthRead MoreMitosis And Meiosis Of Eukaryotic Organisms1101 Words   |  5 Pagesa process called mitosis. In mitosis, a cell divides and forms two identical d aughter cells. (Prescott 102) Each daughter cell then doubles in size and becomes capable of dividing. Most one-celled plants and animals reproduce by mitosis. 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This kindRead MoreBiology Lesson Plan Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes663 Words   |  3 PagesA Semi-Detailed Lesson Plan in BIOLOGY Date: January 22, 2013 Time: 7:30-8:30 Section: BSEd-2B I. Objective(s) At the end of the 60-minute period, at least 75% of the student’s should be able to: 1. Differentiate prokaryotic from eukaryotic cells. II. Subject Matter a. Topic: Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes b. References: b.1. Department of Education. 2002. Operations Handbook in Biology: 2002 Basic Education Curriculum Secondary Level. II. 1. 1.4. b.2. Department of EducationRead MoreUsing One Cell Necessary For Life And Discusses Its Properties Of Life1334 Words   |  6 Pagesthat it is not an independent type of cell and requires fibroblast support for its sustainability (McLaughlin Seaquist, 2008). Cell anatomy and physiology ​Anatomy can be described as the branch of biology that studies the structures and parts of organisms. Physiology is the branch of biology that examines the normal functioning and parts of living things. Regarding the anatomy of the epithelial cell, it is lined in all the surfaces of the body including the body cavities, intestine, skin, andRead MoreVarious Phases that Make Up the Cell Cycle Essay examples1314 Words   |  6 Pagesvery important because it controls the rate at which the cell grows and develops. The phase following G1 is the Synthesis phase (S1). The main component of S1 is DNA synthesis. DNA replicates during this phase so that there will be an excess of chromosomes in the cell. This part of interphase is very important because if the DNA does not replicate as it should, it may result in DNA mutations within the cell. During the last stage of interphase it goes through another gap stage known as Gap 2 (G2)Read MoreFunctions Of Mitosis And Meiosis1708 Words à ‚  |  7 Pagesoutcomes (UK essays 2013; widmaier et al, 2014; Toole, 2015; Khan, 2016). Mitosis is a cell division that produces two daughter cells receiving a copy of every chromosome with the same genetic component as the parent cell, while meiosis is a cell division that produces haploid sex cells or gametes which contain a single copy of each chromosome (widmaier et al, 2014; Diffen, 2016; Toole 2016; Encyclopaedia Britannica). The purpose of mitosis is cell regeneration, growth, and asexual reproduction, whileRead MoreRefwefe787 Words   |  4 Pages | | |[pic] | | |Biology Sem 2 (S2598061) | | \ | | | Read MoreMeiosis and Mitosis Essay example752 Words   |  4 Pagesbones. Meiosis allows a cell to unite one half of its genetic makeup with a cell from another partner to create an entirely new organism. Mitosis Mitosis is the process by which two daughter cells are formed, each containing a complete set of chromosomes. Mitosis is the process by which an organism creates new cells, such as skin or bone. There are two parts to a cells life Ââ€" interphase and mitosis. Interphase is the normal life of the cell when all of the growth and metabolism processes take

Thursday, December 19, 2019

How Americas Changed Physically, Socially, and Politically...

Comprehensive Essay In the essay I will explain how Americas changed physically, socially, and politically since 1787. In paragraph two I will talk about how Americas changed physically. In paragraph three I will talk about how Americas changed socially. In paragraph four I will talk about how Americas changed politically. Than in paragraph five I will go over all of the important things that I have covered in the previous paragraphs. So let’s get started in 1787 as a small but confident country. Our country, America, has changed physically so much since 1787. America has adopted lands all over, especially from the west. The Texas Revolution was the revolt of Texans towards the Mexico for their independence. The Louisiana Purchase was†¦show more content†¦The Declaration of Independence declared independence from Great Britain. The three guarantees that the Declaration of Independence called for was Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. These three guaranteed things gave U.S citizens a basis for their other rights to stand upon. In conclusion, the U.S has changed so dramatically from 1787 to 1860. It changed physically from only thirteen colonies to a whole 50 state country. It also changed socially from small population to millions of people. Lastly, America changed politically by starting having federalists and anti-federalists to having republicans and democrats, also it starting out as Articles of Confederation to a Republic to a Democracy. So America has changed so much in physical, social, and political

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Exposing Children to Profanity Essay Example For Students

Exposing Children to Profanity Essay The United States Constitution gives Americans many rights. One of those rights is the freedom of speech. A controversy has erupted in the United States because the government is unable to determine the limitations on this right. In early America when our forefathers wrote the Constitution, profanity was not accepted (Shoeder 72). This makes determining the true definition of speech difficult. A majority of people believe profanity is an acceptable form of language. These people feel that they are free to say what they want without worrying about the rights of others. Due to this insensitivity, a child has a hard time walking down a street without hearing offensive words. For example, there is a man standing on a street corner harassing another person. The child hears profane words used by the man, and from this the child relates anger with profanity. Another example is a woman seen arguing with a cashier using profanity in an attempt to get her way, and the child with her begins to believe that to get your way you must cruse. A third example is a waitress having a bad day, and taking it out on the customers the child in the booth next to the customers and the waitress is thinking that this is a proper way to communicate. All of these examples are using improper language for children to hear (Shoeder 72). Parents are then expected to explain and make excuses for the vocabulary being used by others. Profanity has become uncontrollable and has had a great role in the moral decay of our society. The main goal for parents and government officials should be the regulation of profanity in the United States. Adults are formed through the experiences of their childhood. The way a person acts and speaks is often determined at a young age. When a parent uses profanity, a child may feel free to also use these words. For instance, a mother may not intentionally use profanity when cutting her finger while in the kitchen. As a result of the mothers action, a child may use the same words when they get hurt (Hochman 29). Parents play a great part in a young persons upbringing so it is not surprising that children imitate their guardians actions. Growing up without a role model forces a child to look for other sources to imitate. Television has role models for children to admire most of them are not beneficial for children. Unfortunately this does not stop them from imitating their role models language. Profanity has become entertaining to television viewers, many of them being children. Televisions role in our society is much more powerful than one may realize. The Television reaches more than 19 0 million viewers in America. Almost 100 million of these are children. The regulations on Television are relatively good for channels that broadcast through the air. Stations that broadcast on cable systems do not have as many restrictions as the air stations so the cursing and violence in programs on these stations are not as regulated. With some cable systems a person can order pay-per-view. This is ordering a show or an event and paying for that access. Many of these pay-per-view shows are pornographic in nature. The problem is that all you need to order these programs is a credit card. These shows can be easily viewed by children that have access to a parents credit card. (Hochman 30)Profanity is more widely accepted today compared to in the past. The Movie Industry, prior to 1966, did not produce an abundance of films that contained profanity. After this year the profanities in movies became more acceptable and only progressed as the years went on (Rowe 14). Some examples expr essing the progression of profanity are, Rocky which was made in 1976. This contains 36 curse words compared to Scarface, made in 1984, which contains 299 curse words (Rowe 15). These are movies that have become easily available for children to see. Parents should monitor what their children see at the movies, but should not rely on the counting of profanities by such groups as the Entertainment Research Group, rather they should use more common sense (Rowe 16). The Movie Industry has a rating system for the movies it produces. The rating system is as follows: A G rating is used for movies that are suitable for children. The PG rating is used for movies that do not have cursing or violence and are suitable for children accompanied by a parent. A PG13 rating is used for movies that have cursing and limited violence and are not suitable for children under the age of 13. The R rating is used for movies that have an abundance of cursing, violence, and sexual content and is suitable for viewers 17 and older. A NC17 rating is used for movies that have an abundance of curing, graphic violence, and sexual activity. NC17 rated movies are restricted for mature viewers age 17 or older. The X rating is used for movies that have detailed sexual content and are not suitable for viewers under the age of 21 (Levee 1). The Movie Industry has become very generous with the ratings they have been giving out over the last ten years. It seems that a movie today with a PG13 rating would have had an R rating 10 years ago (Levee 8). In todays world the movies seem to be imitating life, or is it the other way around? The violence, profanity and sexual content in movies has its roots in the worst part of our society. In society today it seems that life is imitating art. The Federal Communications Commission was instituted to keep profanity and violence off Radio and Television. The FCC prosecutes those who abuse the use of profanity on the air. Radio personality, Howard Stern, was repri manded by the government for using profanity on his national talk show. The FCC levied a $105,000 fine against a Los Angeles station that broadcasts his show (Levee 8). Children are becoming confused as to what is the proper form of the English language, because parents tell them the language is unacceptable, yet it is broadcast on the radio (Rowe 17). .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2 , .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2 .postImageUrl , .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2 , .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2:hover , .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2:visited , .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2:active { border:0!important; } .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2:active , .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2 .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Enterprise Architecture as Strategy EssayProfanity will become an even greater problem when a child learns to read. Profanities not only can be heard, but also read. They can be read on bumper stickers, T-shirts, books, and magazines. For example, a recent comic book distributed by Marvel comics contained 12 curse words. This comics main readers are children. From comics to books, the profanity found in todays literature would not have been acceptable forty years ago. The book Gone With the Wind that contains only one curse word, was made into a movie. The movie was considered to be rated R which was unheard of for its time. Therefore, many parents refused to claim the boo k as a piece of literature and did not allow their children to read it. Try to imagine those same parents reading a book or watching a movie today (Shoeder 73). Profanity has even reached the world of video games. In the past video games were slow, with graphics and sound that were very simple and innocent. However, with the invention of CD ROM, a games graphics and sound are very clear and crisp. This opens the door for sexual games with both nudity and profanity. To combat this problem the Software Publishers Association has devised a rating system for computer games. The manufacturer will have to put labels on their games that will include ones for violence, sex and nudity, and profanity (Golanski 58). Profanity has even affected how many people play and look at sports. The cameramen at sporting events have increasingly focused in on athletes who, after failing in some way, go into a tirade of profanity. Even though the language is inaudible the words can easily be interpreted and found to be offensive. Children who watch these tirades on television have a tendency to imitate their favorite stars actions if they are frustrated when competing (Montville 98). Sports star Thurman Thomas running back for the Buffalo Bills allegedly had a profanity-laced outburst at four young boys who asked him for his autograph. Although he denies the accusations, he was heard at a press conference just weeks before cursing the reporters and the opponents he had just faced (Wolff 16). In an article in Newsweek it talks about a woman who was surprised when a store clerk tries to protect her from a customers foul mouth. It goes on to say While everyone seems to agree that something should be done about profanity, few people ever do anything about it, and most people contribute to the problem (Maurer 19). Even if you are not listened to by the offender at least you are trying to make an effort to clean up societys mouth. Profanities exist in all facets of our society and are depleting us of morals. Many parents are failing to teach their children the importance of proper behavior and respectable language. This is an uncontrollable problem that is being assisted by the profanity. It is our nations responsibility to set a moral example for its children. If as a nation, we fail to do this for our children then we must be prepared to face the consequences. One of the consequences may be that our children will never know the correct form of language. Morals may just be something of the past. If this occurs, then our society will be in turmoil. Work Cited Golanski, Candace. Rating the fun stuff. Popular Science Dec. 5, 1994: 16. Hochman, David. Do you kiss your mother with that mouth? US June 1994: 29-30. Levee, Michael A. In the Cursed 90s, Expletives Are Seldom Deleted. Chicago Tribune Nov. 6 1992: sec 1: 1+. Maurer, Sandra Flahive. Mind your tongue, young man. Newsweek Oct. 17, 1994: 19. Montville, Leigh. Point After: Stop Reading Those Lips! Sports Illustrated Oct. 29, 1990: 98. .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53 , .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53 .postImageUrl , .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53 , .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53:hover , .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53:visited , .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53:active { border:0!important; } .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53:active , .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53 .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Mahatma Gandhi: Man Of Peace EssayRowe, Chip. Male dicta Favors the Whole Truth. Washington Journalism Review Jan. 1993: 14-16. Schoeder, Ken. Education Briefs: Getting Your WordsWorth. Educational Digest Mar. 1992: 72-73. Wolff, Alexander. Offensive back. Sports Illustrated Dec. 5, 1994: 16.

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

Segu Literary Analysis free essay sample

Maroon Millionaire Black Studies AAA proof. Miseries Wednesday @ 1 :Mom March 10 2009 Segue Literary Analysis The historical novel Segue by Mares Condo is set in the African country of Segue during a time of great cultural change. The African Slave Trade, the spread of Islam, and personal identity challenges were all tremendous and far-reaching issues facing Africa from the late 1 sass to early 1 sass. Condo uses the four brothers of the Terror family, Tickers, Mailbag, Saga, and Nab, to demonstrate the impact that the issues of Islam, slave trade, and identity ad on African people through the development of each character.The Oldest Of the sons, Tickers exemplifies the influence and spread Of Islam through out Africa at the time. When the reader is first introduced to Tickers, he is portrayed as a boy unhappy with his religion and desperately searching for one that focuses on love rather than fear like the native religion he was raised with. We will write a custom essay sample on Segu Literary Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Tickers is intrigued by a new religion and in Condogs words, Islam was new to the region, brought there by the Arab caravans like some exotic merchandise! (Condo 22). In this way, Tickers saw Islam as a means of escaping from a oral of sacrifices and old ways to one that offers an exotic, loving appeal. With Tickers, Condo is able to show how Islam spread through trans Sahara trade routes, as well as the opportunity it provided for Africans during the time period. Tickers ventures off in pursuit of Islamic studies and after being expelled from an Islamic university begins to teach Islam in the city of Jennet. It is in Jennet that Tickers states, How strange that the name of God is should divide people when god is love and power. The creation of all living creatures comes from His love, and not from any other power Condo 149). It is in this insight that Tickers again demonstrates the nature of Islam. Unlike the religion he was born into in Segue that focused on sacrifices and ancestor worship, Islam is a religion of love that offers him comfort and strength. It is because of this new knowledge and faith that Tickers is unable to fathom how religion could split people apart instead of bringing them together. Upon his return to Segue, Tickers is praised and respected for his journey to distant lands. He is also made a member of a high council and consulted on issues of relations with neighboring people (Condo 163).The respect and admiration given to Tickers demonstrates how Islam was eventually perceived. Tickers, much like Islam as a whole was eventually respected for his worldly knowledge and different opinions, which made him a very powerful person in his community. In this sense Islam, although at first different to the people of Segue, provided helpful diversity to the people Of Africa. In the same way that Tickers exemplified the spread of Islam in Africa, his younger brother Mailbag is a symbol for the treatment of women in African society, as well as one aspect of the African slave trade.First, Mailbags attitude toward women in Africa will be examined. In her first description of Mailbag, Condo writes, He was a violent, quarrelsome little boy, completely spoiled because of his extreme good looks (Condo 127). Mailbag is a violent boy who will ultimately reach his end because of it, and after he leaves Segue, Mailbag joins a group of warriors with his friend Jodie and falls into a world of immoral behavior. While digging yams from the ground that did not belong to them, Mailbag and Jodie came across a girl wandering in the field.As she ran away Mailbag chased ere and he pinned her down; She flashed him a look of defiance unusual to anyone s o young. So he penetrated her. (Condo 231). This is not the first woman Mailbag has raped, and in doing so in such a casual way, he demonstrates his lack of respect for women. During this time especially in Africa, women as a whole were not respected when compared to men. Mailbags actions therefore represent this generally held belief by Africans at this time that women were inferior to men. Eventually Mailbag evolves as a character and makes smarter decisions regarding his treatment toward women.When in the presence of the woman Roman trying to attack him, Condo writes, He was about to throw himself on her, knock her down, kill her perhaps, when a voice reminded him of his difficulties in the Shanty kingdom after the rape of Aviva. What would happen if he now committed murder? (Condo 265). In two ways here, Mailbag has grown up. First he realizes that all his actions have consequences and that he must realize them before making unwise decisions. In realizing this, Mailbag represents Africans evolving as a whole to recognize that they must work together as a people.Secondly, Mailbag realizes that Women are people too who can be reasoned with and respected rather than literally beat into submission. On a grand scale, Mailbags second revelation represents a change in attitude toward women by African people. Still, more important is Mailbags evolution in the context of the African Slave Trade. Later in the story Mailbag gets involved in the slave trade. Condo writes, So Mailbag was to be seen being rowed out to the slave ships, coming back with their captains And going with them to inspect human cattle whom he myself had made presentable beforehand by various tricks (Condo 271). Here, by assisting the slave ship captains, Mailbag is playing an active role in the propagation of the African Slave Trade. Mailbags actions and active involvement in the slave trade as demonstrated above, point to the idea presented in class of Africans as active agents in the slave trade. This idea of agency focuses around Africans actively manipulating the slave trade for economic gains because they knew how to work the system. With this understanding of agency, it can be understood that Mailbag was definitely acting as an agent in the African slave trade.In a grander sense, Mailbag thus represents Africans as a whole who acted as agents in the slave trade. These people did exist and Mailbags character in Segue serves as an example of this idea. Mailbag kept working his way up, and soon he managed slaves on plantations; Now Mailbag could be seen taking droves of slaves out of the town to the palm groves and supervising their work (Condo 272). This further supports the idea of agency and demonstrates the effect of historical circumstances on everyday peoples lives.Mailbag is a native African with strong community ties coming from being brought up in a small village. The historical progression of European involvement in Africa and within the slave trade however, provided the economic and personal incentives for Mailbag to turn against his African brothers and become an active agent in the slave trade. In the same way that Mailbags active involvement in the slave trade was a result of situational consequences, his brother Sagas struggle with identity was a consequence of his birth. Saga is unlike his brothers in the sense that his mother was a slave.She omitted suicide when he was young, and through out the book Saga struggles with grasping the nature of his true identity. He feels neglected, not because he is treated poorly, but rather because he is simply ignored by everyone. He lives in the shadow of his legitimate brother Tickers and although they are the same height, age, and are often mistaken for each other, Tickers is favored over Saga. Condo captures Sagas frustration by stating, Alas, the hazards of birth! If hed been born of this womb rather than that, his life would have been quite different (Condo 30). This is the reason or Sagas identity struggle through out the book. He is plagued by the constant reminder in Tickers of what he could have been, and constantly haunted by nightmares of his slave mothers horrific suicide. Sagas identity crisis presents itself in his struggle to prove himself to his father Dousing. Because Tickers always overshadows him, Saga is constantly struggling to gain his fathers approval. Condo writes, He had passed too soon, without waiting for him, Saga, to prove himself. Now Dousing would never know what his son was really worth, this son whom he regarded as a bastard (Condo 80). Sagas need for approval from his father is a result of his constant struggle with identity. Because of his insecurity with his own self, he longs for the approval of his father and is heartbroken when he realizes that he will never be able to prove himself. Sagas Character in Segue parallels the struggle of Africans on the continent with their common identity. The disconnectedness of the regions and the intervention of Europeans on the continent serve to stratify Africans living on the continent. Saga serves as a metaphor for the Africans struggle with identity in the 19th century.The youngest brother of the Terror family is Nab who, in contrast with Mailbag, represents the horrors of the African slave trade. Nab is the youngest, and most reliant Of the brothers. He tags along with Tickers until Tickers journeys to Jennet to study Islam. After Tickers, Nab begins to tag along with a peer named Teflon. Nab goes on a hunting expedition with Teflon one day and gets captured by slave traders. Nab is sold into slavery and lives as a slave. His journey is one from a child of wealth to a common slave, exemplifying the horrors of the African slave trade.After becoming a slave, Nab becomes a broken man. Before his death, Condo writes, Ever since that fateful hunting expedition had parted him from his own people, he had lost interest in everything (Condo 215). Slavery made Nab lose faith in everything. He once was a happy youth playing with his friends and brothers, but before he dies, he feels nothing. He does not even fight for his life because he feels that it is not worth anything. Becoming a slave destroyed his spirits and even his will to live. Nabs story shows the dark side of the slave trade.While his brother Mailbag benefited from the same game of slave trade, Nab ended up paying the ultimate price. The same event had different consequences for both brothers, and in doing so, represents the two sides to the slave trade issue. Slavery can be beneficial to some in certain contexts, but at the same time there will always be those who suffered because of those who prosper. The Slave trade had dire effects on Nab, whose character served as an example Of all those lost and forgotten in the African slave trade. Africa in the late 1 7005 and early 1 8005 was a time of great significance.Religions and cultures were being fused, personal and generational identities were being developed and questioned, and the African slave trade was beneficial for some while proving detrimental to the lives of others. Mares Condogs Segue, uses the four brothers of the Terror family to embody the effects of these historical events and make grander claims about Africa as a whole. Through this story we are able to gain insight about Africa during this time period while seeing the effects these historical events had on the people of this time. References Mares, Condo. Segue. Word Count: 1,887 New York: Viking Penguin Inc. , 1987.