Essay on Biology Chromosome - 849 Words

1. 2. 3. All of Allison’s eggs will carry the X chromosome and 50% of Allison’s egg cells will carry the recessive allele (hexa). 4.a. There is a 25% chance that Allison and Tim will have a baby boy who is heterozygous for Tay-Sachs. b. No, the baby boy will not have Tay-Sachs he will be a carrier for the disease. The boy would only have the disease if he was homozygous recessive. | X | Y | X | XX | XY | X | XX | XY | 1:2 1:2 | T | t | T | TT | Tt | t | Tt | tt | 1x1=1 2X2=4 1:4= 25% 5. a. Yes, there is a 50% chance that the young woman will develop FFI disease. B. | f | f | F | Ff | Ff | f | ff | ff | This Punnett square shows that there is a 50% chance that the young woman will have†¦show more content†¦8. An allele can produce a protein in a very specific step by step manor. The whole process starts with transcription. Transcription starts in the nucleus. Transcription is the process of how RNA is created from a DNA template with the help of RNA polymerase. mRNA is a complimentary stand to the DNA template. This is a messenger to carry the information stored in the DNA in the nucleus out into the cytoplasm and to ribosomes on the ER. mRNA has to go through processing before it is able to pass through the membrane of the nucleus. The mRNA has a methylated cap added to the 5’ end and the poly-A tail is added to the 3’ end. Then there are certain sequences in the mRNA that are useless and are spliced out, these are called introns, the sequences of information that is important are called exons they are put together. On the mRNA each three bases in a row are called a codon. Each codon is specific to a certain amino acid. Translation occurs in the cytoplasm at the ribosomes, this is the process of how information from mRNA is used to synthesize a polypeptide. The codons on the mRNA have a matching complimentary anticodon on the tRNA molecules. A tRNA molecule is small and only can bind to one specific amino acid amino acid at one end and one specific mRNA codon at the other end. Protein folding is when the alpha helices and beta sheets fold on to itself to form a 3D shape. The dominant XPA allele is present all of this normally occurs in a human. All theShow MoreRelatedSex Is A Matter Of Chromosomes And Biology Essay1365 Words   |  6 Pagesbut culture is also embodied as food ways, health and activities which shape the body and influence secondary sex characteristics. Sex is anatomical and physiological attributes that refer to functions of reproduction. Sex is a matter of chromosomes and biolog y, genders are roles constructed socially, they can be variously interpreted changed, bent made ambiguous or heightened. Although genders are malleable, they must be understood by others in order to function. 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How Americas Changed Physically, Socially, and Politically...

Comprehensive Essay In the essay I will explain how Americas changed physically, socially, and politically since 1787. In paragraph two I will talk about how Americas changed physically. In paragraph three I will talk about how Americas changed socially. In paragraph four I will talk about how Americas changed politically. Than in paragraph five I will go over all of the important things that I have covered in the previous paragraphs. So let’s get started in 1787 as a small but confident country. Our country, America, has changed physically so much since 1787. America has adopted lands all over, especially from the west. The Texas Revolution was the revolt of Texans towards the Mexico for their independence. The Louisiana Purchase was†¦show more content†¦The Declaration of Independence declared independence from Great Britain. The three guarantees that the Declaration of Independence called for was Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. These three guaranteed things gave U.S citizens a basis for their other rights to stand upon. In conclusion, the U.S has changed so dramatically from 1787 to 1860. It changed physically from only thirteen colonies to a whole 50 state country. It also changed socially from small population to millions of people. Lastly, America changed politically by starting having federalists and anti-federalists to having republicans and democrats, also it starting out as Articles of Confederation to a Republic to a Democracy. So America has changed so much in physical, social, and political

Exposing Children to Profanity Essay Example For Students

Exposing Children to Profanity Essay The United States Constitution gives Americans many rights. One of those rights is the freedom of speech. A controversy has erupted in the United States because the government is unable to determine the limitations on this right. In early America when our forefathers wrote the Constitution, profanity was not accepted (Shoeder 72). This makes determining the true definition of speech difficult. A majority of people believe profanity is an acceptable form of language. These people feel that they are free to say what they want without worrying about the rights of others. Due to this insensitivity, a child has a hard time walking down a street without hearing offensive words. For example, there is a man standing on a street corner harassing another person. The child hears profane words used by the man, and from this the child relates anger with profanity. Another example is a woman seen arguing with a cashier using profanity in an attempt to get her way, and the child with her begins to believe that to get your way you must cruse. A third example is a waitress having a bad day, and taking it out on the customers the child in the booth next to the customers and the waitress is thinking that this is a proper way to communicate. All of these examples are using improper language for children to hear (Shoeder 72). Parents are then expected to explain and make excuses for the vocabulary being used by others. Profanity has become uncontrollable and has had a great role in the moral decay of our society. The main goal for parents and government officials should be the regulation of profanity in the United States. Adults are formed through the experiences of their childhood. The way a person acts and speaks is often determined at a young age. When a parent uses profanity, a child may feel free to also use these words. For instance, a mother may not intentionally use profanity when cutting her finger while in the kitchen. As a result of the mothers action, a child may use the same words when they get hurt (Hochman 29). Parents play a great part in a young persons upbringing so it is not surprising that children imitate their guardians actions. Growing up without a role model forces a child to look for other sources to imitate. Television has role models for children to admire most of them are not beneficial for children. Unfortunately this does not stop them from imitating their role models language. Profanity has become entertaining to television viewers, many of them being children. Televisions role in our society is much more powerful than one may realize. The Television reaches more than 19 0 million viewers in America. Almost 100 million of these are children. The regulations on Television are relatively good for channels that broadcast through the air. Stations that broadcast on cable systems do not have as many restrictions as the air stations so the cursing and violence in programs on these stations are not as regulated. With some cable systems a person can order pay-per-view. This is ordering a show or an event and paying for that access. Many of these pay-per-view shows are pornographic in nature. The problem is that all you need to order these programs is a credit card. These shows can be easily viewed by children that have access to a parents credit card. (Hochman 30)Profanity is more widely accepted today compared to in the past. The Movie Industry, prior to 1966, did not produce an abundance of films that contained profanity. After this year the profanities in movies became more acceptable and only progressed as the years went on (Rowe 14). Some examples expr essing the progression of profanity are, Rocky which was made in 1976. This contains 36 curse words compared to Scarface, made in 1984, which contains 299 curse words (Rowe 15). These are movies that have become easily available for children to see. Parents should monitor what their children see at the movies, but should not rely on the counting of profanities by such groups as the Entertainment Research Group, rather they should use more common sense (Rowe 16). The Movie Industry has a rating system for the movies it produces. The rating system is as follows: A G rating is used for movies that are suitable for children. The PG rating is used for movies that do not have cursing or violence and are suitable for children accompanied by a parent. A PG13 rating is used for movies that have cursing and limited violence and are not suitable for children under the age of 13. The R rating is used for movies that have an abundance of cursing, violence, and sexual content and is suitable for viewers 17 and older. A NC17 rating is used for movies that have an abundance of curing, graphic violence, and sexual activity. NC17 rated movies are restricted for mature viewers age 17 or older. The X rating is used for movies that have detailed sexual content and are not suitable for viewers under the age of 21 (Levee 1). The Movie Industry has become very generous with the ratings they have been giving out over the last ten years. It seems that a movie today with a PG13 rating would have had an R rating 10 years ago (Levee 8). In todays world the movies seem to be imitating life, or is it the other way around? The violence, profanity and sexual content in movies has its roots in the worst part of our society. In society today it seems that life is imitating art. The Federal Communications Commission was instituted to keep profanity and violence off Radio and Television. The FCC prosecutes those who abuse the use of profanity on the air. Radio personality, Howard Stern, was repri manded by the government for using profanity on his national talk show. The FCC levied a $105,000 fine against a Los Angeles station that broadcasts his show (Levee 8). Children are becoming confused as to what is the proper form of the English language, because parents tell them the language is unacceptable, yet it is broadcast on the radio (Rowe 17). .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2 , .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2 .postImageUrl , .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2 , .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2:hover , .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2:visited , .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2:active { border:0!important; } .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2:active , .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2 .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Enterprise Architecture as Strategy EssayProfanity will become an even greater problem when a child learns to read. Profanities not only can be heard, but also read. They can be read on bumper stickers, T-shirts, books, and magazines. For example, a recent comic book distributed by Marvel comics contained 12 curse words. This comics main readers are children. From comics to books, the profanity found in todays literature would not have been acceptable forty years ago. The book Gone With the Wind that contains only one curse word, was made into a movie. The movie was considered to be rated R which was unheard of for its time. Therefore, many parents refused to claim the boo k as a piece of literature and did not allow their children to read it. Try to imagine those same parents reading a book or watching a movie today (Shoeder 73). Profanity has even reached the world of video games. In the past video games were slow, with graphics and sound that were very simple and innocent. However, with the invention of CD ROM, a games graphics and sound are very clear and crisp. This opens the door for sexual games with both nudity and profanity. To combat this problem the Software Publishers Association has devised a rating system for computer games. The manufacturer will have to put labels on their games that will include ones for violence, sex and nudity, and profanity (Golanski 58). Profanity has even affected how many people play and look at sports. The cameramen at sporting events have increasingly focused in on athletes who, after failing in some way, go into a tirade of profanity. Even though the language is inaudible the words can easily be interpreted and found to be offensive. Children who watch these tirades on television have a tendency to imitate their favorite stars actions if they are frustrated when competing (Montville 98). Sports star Thurman Thomas running back for the Buffalo Bills allegedly had a profanity-laced outburst at four young boys who asked him for his autograph. Although he denies the accusations, he was heard at a press conference just weeks before cursing the reporters and the opponents he had just faced (Wolff 16). In an article in Newsweek it talks about a woman who was surprised when a store clerk tries to protect her from a customers foul mouth. It goes on to say While everyone seems to agree that something should be done about profanity, few people ever do anything about it, and most people contribute to the problem (Maurer 19). Even if you are not listened to by the offender at least you are trying to make an effort to clean up societys mouth. Profanities exist in all facets of our society and are depleting us of morals. Many parents are failing to teach their children the importance of proper behavior and respectable language. This is an uncontrollable problem that is being assisted by the profanity. It is our nations responsibility to set a moral example for its children. If as a nation, we fail to do this for our children then we must be prepared to face the consequences. One of the consequences may be that our children will never know the correct form of language. Morals may just be something of the past. If this occurs, then our society will be in turmoil. Work Cited Golanski, Candace. Rating the fun stuff. Popular Science Dec. 5, 1994: 16. Hochman, David. Do you kiss your mother with that mouth? US June 1994: 29-30. Levee, Michael A. In the Cursed 90s, Expletives Are Seldom Deleted. Chicago Tribune Nov. 6 1992: sec 1: 1+. Maurer, Sandra Flahive. Mind your tongue, young man. Newsweek Oct. 17, 1994: 19. Montville, Leigh. Point After: Stop Reading Those Lips! Sports Illustrated Oct. 29, 1990: 98. .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53 , .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53 .postImageUrl , .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53 , .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53:hover , .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53:visited , .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53:active { border:0!important; } .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53:active , .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53 .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Mahatma Gandhi: Man Of Peace EssayRowe, Chip. Male dicta Favors the Whole Truth. Washington Journalism Review Jan. 1993: 14-16. Schoeder, Ken. Education Briefs: Getting Your WordsWorth. Educational Digest Mar. 1992: 72-73. Wolff, Alexander. Offensive back. Sports Illustrated Dec. 5, 1994: 16.

Segu Literary Analysis free essay sample

Maroon Millionaire Black Studies AAA proof. Miseries Wednesday @ 1 :Mom March 10 2009 Segue Literary Analysis The historical novel Segue by Mares Condo is set in the African country of Segue during a time of great cultural change. The African Slave Trade, the spread of Islam, and personal identity challenges were all tremendous and far-reaching issues facing Africa from the late 1 sass to early 1 sass. Condo uses the four brothers of the Terror family, Tickers, Mailbag, Saga, and Nab, to demonstrate the impact that the issues of Islam, slave trade, and identity ad on African people through the development of each character.The Oldest Of the sons, Tickers exemplifies the influence and spread Of Islam through out Africa at the time. When the reader is first introduced to Tickers, he is portrayed as a boy unhappy with his religion and desperately searching for one that focuses on love rather than fear like the native religion he was raised with. We will write a custom essay sample on Segu Literary Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Tickers is intrigued by a new religion and in Condogs words, Islam was new to the region, brought there by the Arab caravans like some exotic merchandise! (Condo 22). In this way, Tickers saw Islam as a means of escaping from a oral of sacrifices and old ways to one that offers an exotic, loving appeal. With Tickers, Condo is able to show how Islam spread through trans Sahara trade routes, as well as the opportunity it provided for Africans during the time period. Tickers ventures off in pursuit of Islamic studies and after being expelled from an Islamic university begins to teach Islam in the city of Jennet. It is in Jennet that Tickers states, How strange that the name of God is should divide people when god is love and power. The creation of all living creatures comes from His love, and not from any other power Condo 149). It is in this insight that Tickers again demonstrates the nature of Islam. Unlike the religion he was born into in Segue that focused on sacrifices and ancestor worship, Islam is a religion of love that offers him comfort and strength. It is because of this new knowledge and faith that Tickers is unable to fathom how religion could split people apart instead of bringing them together. Upon his return to Segue, Tickers is praised and respected for his journey to distant lands. He is also made a member of a high council and consulted on issues of relations with neighboring people (Condo 163).The respect and admiration given to Tickers demonstrates how Islam was eventually perceived. Tickers, much like Islam as a whole was eventually respected for his worldly knowledge and different opinions, which made him a very powerful person in his community. In this sense Islam, although at first different to the people of Segue, provided helpful diversity to the people Of Africa. In the same way that Tickers exemplified the spread of Islam in Africa, his younger brother Mailbag is a symbol for the treatment of women in African society, as well as one aspect of the African slave trade.First, Mailbags attitude toward women in Africa will be examined. In her first description of Mailbag, Condo writes, He was a violent, quarrelsome little boy, completely spoiled because of his extreme good looks (Condo 127). Mailbag is a violent boy who will ultimately reach his end because of it, and after he leaves Segue, Mailbag joins a group of warriors with his friend Jodie and falls into a world of immoral behavior. While digging yams from the ground that did not belong to them, Mailbag and Jodie came across a girl wandering in the field.As she ran away Mailbag chased ere and he pinned her down; She flashed him a look of defiance unusual to anyone s o young. So he penetrated her. (Condo 231). This is not the first woman Mailbag has raped, and in doing so in such a casual way, he demonstrates his lack of respect for women. During this time especially in Africa, women as a whole were not respected when compared to men. Mailbags actions therefore represent this generally held belief by Africans at this time that women were inferior to men. Eventually Mailbag evolves as a character and makes smarter decisions regarding his treatment toward women.When in the presence of the woman Roman trying to attack him, Condo writes, He was about to throw himself on her, knock her down, kill her perhaps, when a voice reminded him of his difficulties in the Shanty kingdom after the rape of Aviva. What would happen if he now committed murder? (Condo 265). In two ways here, Mailbag has grown up. First he realizes that all his actions have consequences and that he must realize them before making unwise decisions. In realizing this, Mailbag represents Africans evolving as a whole to recognize that they must work together as a people.Secondly, Mailbag realizes that Women are people too who can be reasoned with and respected rather than literally beat into submission. On a grand scale, Mailbags second revelation represents a change in attitude toward women by African people. Still, more important is Mailbags evolution in the context of the African Slave Trade. Later in the story Mailbag gets involved in the slave trade. Condo writes, So Mailbag was to be seen being rowed out to the slave ships, coming back with their captains And going with them to inspect human cattle whom he myself had made presentable beforehand by various tricks (Condo 271). Here, by assisting the slave ship captains, Mailbag is playing an active role in the propagation of the African Slave Trade. Mailbags actions and active involvement in the slave trade as demonstrated above, point to the idea presented in class of Africans as active agents in the slave trade. This idea of agency focuses around Africans actively manipulating the slave trade for economic gains because they knew how to work the system. With this understanding of agency, it can be understood that Mailbag was definitely acting as an agent in the African slave trade.In a grander sense, Mailbag thus represents Africans as a whole who acted as agents in the slave trade. These people did exist and Mailbags character in Segue serves as an example of this idea. Mailbag kept working his way up, and soon he managed slaves on plantations; Now Mailbag could be seen taking droves of slaves out of the town to the palm groves and supervising their work (Condo 272). This further supports the idea of agency and demonstrates the effect of historical circumstances on everyday peoples lives.Mailbag is a native African with strong community ties coming from being brought up in a small village. The historical progression of European involvement in Africa and within the slave trade however, provided the economic and personal incentives for Mailbag to turn against his African brothers and become an active agent in the slave trade. In the same way that Mailbags active involvement in the slave trade was a result of situational consequences, his brother Sagas struggle with identity was a consequence of his birth. Saga is unlike his brothers in the sense that his mother was a slave.She omitted suicide when he was young, and through out the book Saga struggles with grasping the nature of his true identity. He feels neglected, not because he is treated poorly, but rather because he is simply ignored by everyone. He lives in the shadow of his legitimate brother Tickers and although they are the same height, age, and are often mistaken for each other, Tickers is favored over Saga. Condo captures Sagas frustration by stating, Alas, the hazards of birth! If hed been born of this womb rather than that, his life would have been quite different (Condo 30). This is the reason or Sagas identity struggle through out the book. He is plagued by the constant reminder in Tickers of what he could have been, and constantly haunted by nightmares of his slave mothers horrific suicide. Sagas identity crisis presents itself in his struggle to prove himself to his father Dousing. Because Tickers always overshadows him, Saga is constantly struggling to gain his fathers approval. Condo writes, He had passed too soon, without waiting for him, Saga, to prove himself. Now Dousing would never know what his son was really worth, this son whom he regarded as a bastard (Condo 80). Sagas need for approval from his father is a result of his constant struggle with identity. Because of his insecurity with his own self, he longs for the approval of his father and is heartbroken when he realizes that he will never be able to prove himself. Sagas Character in Segue parallels the struggle of Africans on the continent with their common identity. The disconnectedness of the regions and the intervention of Europeans on the continent serve to stratify Africans living on the continent. Saga serves as a metaphor for the Africans struggle with identity in the 19th century.The youngest brother of the Terror family is Nab who, in contrast with Mailbag, represents the horrors of the African slave trade. Nab is the youngest, and most reliant Of the brothers. He tags along with Tickers until Tickers journeys to Jennet to study Islam. After Tickers, Nab begins to tag along with a peer named Teflon. Nab goes on a hunting expedition with Teflon one day and gets captured by slave traders. Nab is sold into slavery and lives as a slave. His journey is one from a child of wealth to a common slave, exemplifying the horrors of the African slave trade.After becoming a slave, Nab becomes a broken man. Before his death, Condo writes, Ever since that fateful hunting expedition had parted him from his own people, he had lost interest in everything (Condo 215). Slavery made Nab lose faith in everything. He once was a happy youth playing with his friends and brothers, but before he dies, he feels nothing. He does not even fight for his life because he feels that it is not worth anything. Becoming a slave destroyed his spirits and even his will to live. Nabs story shows the dark side of the slave trade.While his brother Mailbag benefited from the same game of slave trade, Nab ended up paying the ultimate price. The same event had different consequences for both brothers, and in doing so, represents the two sides to the slave trade issue. Slavery can be beneficial to some in certain contexts, but at the same time there will always be those who suffered because of those who prosper. The Slave trade had dire effects on Nab, whose character served as an example Of all those lost and forgotten in the African slave trade. Africa in the late 1 7005 and early 1 8005 was a time of great significance.Religions and cultures were being fused, personal and generational identities were being developed and questioned, and the African slave trade was beneficial for some while proving detrimental to the lives of others. Mares Condogs Segue, uses the four brothers of the Terror family to embody the effects of these historical events and make grander claims about Africa as a whole. Through this story we are able to gain insight about Africa during this time period while seeing the effects these historical events had on the people of this time. References Mares, Condo. Segue. Word Count: 1,887 New York: Viking Penguin Inc. , 1987.

Optical Distortion inc Essay Example

Optical Distortion inc Essay Introduction Optical Distortion, Inc. (DOD), is a small, new company that has developed contact lenses designed to impair the vision of egg-producing farm chickens. This development came after an accidental discovery that partially blind chickens demonstrate more manageable and productive behaviors that are valuable to chicken farmers. Market Trends As within many industries, the poultry and egg production market has evolved dramatically in the last century from small backyard barnyards to todays high- production farms of more than 2. 5 million birds. Due to the varied demands and operations necessitated by this current, broad spectrum of customers (here, chicken farmers), the current market is best understood by segmenting it first by flock size. As shown in Exhibit 4 of the case study, we see the percentage growth (decline) of each flock size segment as it relates to farm size and chicken count from 1964 to 1996. Based on this data, farms with flock sizes less than 10,000 chickens have dramatically reduced in this time period while farms with flock sizes larger than 10,000 have consistently grown in each of the four high-volume segments. We will write a custom essay sample on Optical Distortion inc specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Optical Distortion inc specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Optical Distortion inc specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Additionally, the market data also demonstrates a significant progression of incineration both regionally as well as in the nations number of industry producers. In 1974, 80% of the laying hens in the United States were housed in Just 3% of the countrys chicken farms. Ii Regionally speaking, the farms have evolved into concentrations in where Just three statesCalifornia, North Carolina, and Georgia account for more 25% of the nations chickens. Iii Finally, additional research projects continued growth in the U. S. Chicken population in the following five years (1975-1979). The projection estimates a steady population growth of 4. % within this timeshare. Coinciding with this projected population growth is the parallel expectation that the trends of large-flock farms will continue to realize the highest industry margins. Also expected to continue is the concentrated trend whereby 80% of chickens are owned by Just 3% of U. S. Chicken farms. Iv Benefits and Risks to Chicken Farmers The main benefit to farmers is in their replacing the practice of debarking with Odds contact lenses. Chickens are social birds and part of their natural desire to organize a social order within their respective flocks relies upon physical fighting and pecking to create a hierarchy. This process leads to chicken mortality and also impacts egg reduction, among other disruptions. The following are benefits realized by substituting DOD lenses for debarking: Reduction in flock mortality from 9% to 4. 5%. Vi This reduction in bird replacement costs would represent approximately $2,160 in annual savings. Debarking-related trauma results in the loss of 1 egg per year per wearing DOD lenses, chickens feed more efficiently, therefore allowing farmers to reduce the depth of the feed in troughs by 3/8 or more. Farmers would save more than 156 pounds of feed per day if their chickens are using lenses and not debarked. 1 56 pounds per day is the equivalent of 56,940 pounds per year, or, 28. 7 non-metric tons. This is a savings of $4,498. 26 per year. Annual associated labor costs are virtually a wash, but lenses fall slightly cheaper than debarking. See Exhibit A. Summary of key (gross) savings to be realized by farmer = $7,506. 74 5. 15). Estimated cost of DOD lenses = $4,000. 00. Net savings = $3,506. 74 per year. The risks that exist for farmers should they substitute the DOD lenses for the practice of debarking may include: The lenses may not function as expected, require additional maintenance or time inspecting or correcting improper installation Unknown risks associated with long-term wear (complete blindness, impact on egg production, appetite) Flock reliance upon the product and lack of control on changes in product costs (and no competitive alternatives) Marketing Program Farmers will find out about this product from trade shows and local, on-the- ground salespeople. These are traditionally independent-minded men that will need to be convinced face-to-face (preferably by someone that they trust) that Odds lenses work, are easy to incorporate into their flocks, and create significant savings for their farms. Theyll decide to buy once they are convinced that the lenses work. They are likely not high-risk buyers that would be willing to spend money on less-traditional operating methods. DOD must demonstrate local or regional knowledge of the market and industry, and ideally, will be able to share and demonstrate local success within one or more of the regions chicken farms as part of the effort to convince new farmers to replace debarking with Odds lenses. Additionally, being able to demonstrate real savings to farm operations will be very important to convincing the rammers to purchase the lenses. As a segment, they will be suspicious of the value of the lenses until after considerable experience with the lenses. Viii I believe that DOD should launch the new lenses and I would recommend the initial price be set at $50. 0 per box of 250 pair, or $0. 20 per pair. I believe that this price will allow the product to have the necessary credibility in the marketplace as a product that is a legitimate alternative to debarking. Additionally, this will allow for discount pricing if needed for trial periods and demonstration projectstwo tragic activities that will be valuabl e to the initial roll out of the product to this market segment. While the increase in initial pricing may require more intense sales efforts, I am also proposing a sharper, more focused regional market: California. Geographically, California is the largest region for Odds targeted market of chicken farmers with more than 521 farms and approximately 40 million chickens (on farms of 20,000 flock size or greater). I also propose that DOD focus all efforts on California, particularly its larger farms in an effort to maximize its sales force and to increase Odds chances of success (as previously demonstrated, savings are larger for larger larger farms may have the potential to be more innovative or at least more likely to be interested in new opportunities since they are typically managed as more sophisticated businesses. Going forward, I believe that the product has a place in the market. Projections demonstrate an increase in chicken populations nationally in the coming five years as well as an expansion of the large-flock farms. Fortunately for DOD, the savings realized by the utilization of the lenses are dramatically higher when called against larger flocks/farms, particularly as it relates to feed savings. For farms of 50,000 chickens (which have grown by more than 83% in the last five years and are forecasted to continue), the gross feed savings alone can exceed $11,000 per year. X Additionally, at $0. 20 per pair, DOD can afford to maximize its start-up costs I further recommend that DOD utilize a more focused roll-out method and to identify a test farm to which it can donate and install the lenses (preferably not for free, but discounted). This opportunity would demonstrate valuable proof to other rammers in the region that may be more difficult to convince or that need more experience with t he lenses before making a decision. One difficulty is proving (or realizing) benefits with the lenses by installing lenses on a few of the birds. By design, the social behaviors of the flock will not measurably change unless the lenses are on all of the birds. Break Even Analysis An analysis of the proposed price for the DOD lenses less the fixed costs (Exhibit B) and the variable costs (changes in production costs) would provide the profits for DOD. The break even pricing will be between $0. 08 and $0. 15 per pair.

Expert Guide How Long Is the SAT

Expert Guide How Long Is the SAT SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Studying for the SAT isn’t just about practicing math problems and passage reading- it's also an exercise in timing and pacing. The sheer length of the SAT test, as well as its difficult content, can make it an intimidating challenge. Read on for our guide to the SAT’s length, individual section times, and section ordering. Moreover, learn how to deal with fatigue during the test. Detailed Guide: SAT Test Length The SAT is three hours (180 minutes) long in total, excluding the optional essayand breaks. With the optional essay, the total test time increases to three hours and 50 minutes. Here's an overview of the SAT test length: Section Order on Test Total # of Questions Total Time (Minutes) Reading 1 52 65 Break 1 2 - 10 Writing and Language 3 44 35 Math No Calculator 4 20 25 Break 2 5 - 5 Math Calculator 6 38 55 Break 3 7 - 2 Essay (Optional) 8 1 50 The Math section is the only section separated into two pieces: a No Calculator and a Calculator section. As you can see, the No Calculator section comes first and asks 20 questions in 25 minutes, while the Calculator section comes second and asks 38 questions in 55 minutes. Altogether, then, you'll get 58 questions and 80 minutes for Math. You'll also get a total of three breaks (two if you're not taking the optional Essay): A10-minute break after the Readingsection but before the Writing and Language section Afive-minute break after the Math No Calculator section but before the Math Calculator section A very short two-minute breakafter the Math Calculator section (if you're staying for the Essay section, that is- otherwise, you're done and may leave!) The SAT Isn't Just Long- It's Also Intense The SAT is a long test- more than four hours, from check-in to the end (if you're doing the essay)! However, it can feel as though it moves fairly quickly because of the number of questions you have to answer on each section. Here is an overview of the number of questions you'll have on each SAT section, in addition to the approximate time you'll have to answer each question: Section # of Questions Total Time Time per Question Reading 52 65 minutes 1 minute 15 seconds Writing and Language 44 35 minutes 47 seconds Math No Calculator 20 25 minutes 1 minute 15 seconds Math Calculator 38 55 minutes 1 minute 26 seconds Even though your approximate time per question is usually more than a minute, on the actual SAT things will be a little more complicated. First of all, you'll likely move through easier questions much more quickly and need more time for harder questions. Secondly, if you want to leave time at the end of a section to check your answers, you'll have to spend less time on each question. Keep in mind that for the Reading and Writing sections, you will also have to spend some time reading the passages. In addition, note that stamina is incredibly important. While the old SAT broke up the test into 10 small sections, the current SAT forces you to tackle each subject in one large chunk. Two out of four sections are just about an hour long.So not only do you have to move quickly question-to-question, but you also need to maintain your test-taking speed for a long period of time. Building that kind of stamina takes practice! How to Prepare for the SAT Exam Length: 3 Tips Below, we go over our three best tips for preparing for the SAT exam length. These will help you feel prepared for test day and teach you how to stay focused during the exam. #1: Take Full-Length SAT Practice Tests The best way to prepare for the timing and intensity of the SAT is to take full-length, strictly timed practice tests.This way, even if you're someone who easily gets tired during long stretches of testing, you can get used to the SAT’s format and time expectations. Make sure you're usingofficial practice tests (i.e., those created by the College Board). Don't rely on old practice tests to help you out since these differ a lot from the current SAT structure. Be sure to print out your test ahead of time and find a quiet place to take it, such as a library. As you take your test, time yourself as you'll be timed on the actual SAT.This means no giving yourself extra time on a section and no skipping ahead if you finish one early! You should also take the breaks as described in the table at the beginning of this article. You need to build up endurance and practice your pacing for the SAT- just like training for a race. #2: Do Practice Tests on Weekends The best time to take official SAT practice tests is on a Saturday or Sunday morning so you can get a good idea of what your energy level will be like the day of the actual test. Sure, it might be easier to fit in a practice test late on a Sunday night, but you'll have to take the real test in the morning, so you should practice with that time in mind. Pretend you're waking up for the actual test. Waking up early and jumping into an SAT practice test probably isn’t your ideal way to start a Saturday,but it’s the best way to be prepare for the actual SAT. Plus, it'll preserve your Saturday afternoon and evening for more fun activities! #3: Time Yourself on Individual Practice Sections As you study for the different SAT sections, make sure to periodically take an entire practice section with only the time you're given on the test. For example, after a week of focusing on SAT Reading, take one or two Reading practice tests and give yourself 65 minutes- the time you'll have on the actual exam for that section. This will allow you to get used to the timing on the SAT and furtherbuild up your test-taking stamina. What’s Next? Now that you know how long the test will take, read about the best places to take the SAT. Want additional SAT help? Get tips on how to work quickly and save time during the SAT. Preparing for test day?Check out our top test-day tips so you can be both mentally and physically ready to take on the SAT. Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today!

De-oxy-ribonuclease enzyme Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

De-oxy-ribonuclease enzyme - Research Paper Example Proteins play critical roles in the cell, a factor that has helped scientists appreciate the salient significance of these molecules. Some cell proteins serve as enzymes, a role that involves the catalysis of all cellular processes. Proteins exhibit a high level of specialization, a factor that is evident in the structure and function of enzymes in the cell. Moreover, depending on the functions, proteins exhibit diverse structural adaptations. The role played by enzymes cannot receive any form of underestimation because cells would be unable to run processes at the required speed, and this would retard growth processes (Petsko&Ringe, 2004). Otherproteins are structural and include keratin, silk, ligaments, and tendons. There is also evidence that proteins are of significant use as contractile molecules. In, addition, proteins play a critical role in the immunes system as antibodies that recognize antigens and work towards eliminating them. Proteins are also critical in cell transport . Cells interactions and processes require signal both signal molecules and receptors, and biologists have identified such critical molecules as proteins. Structure of Proteins Proteins exhibit four different levels of their structure. It is worth noting that the basic components of proteins are amino acids. Scientists have described the existence of twenty different amino acids that are critical in building the wide range of proteins that perform the functions described above. The order and number of the amino acids making up each protein depend on the role played by each protein. Moreover, there is variation of protein structure across different species (Rigden, 2009). The simplest level of protein structure is the primary structure defined by its linear sequence of all the amino acids making up a certain protein, listed in three letter word abbreviations. This being the simplest form of any protein helps in highlighting the individual amino acids making up each chain. Usually, th e linkage between these amino acids is through covalent bonds that define the peptide bond existing between the amino acids. The second level of protein structure is the secondary structure characterized by the formation of regular structures that biochemists have described as helices and beta sheets. Hydrogen bonds facilitate the formation of such regular structures within the lengthy polypeptide chains of amino acids (Buxbaum, 2007. The hydrogen bonds only occur between carbon and oxygen molecules and between hygrogen and nitrogen molecules. Helices have been described as loose coils of amino acids with each turn consisting of three amino acid residues and additional atoms from the next amino acid. The coiling in alpha helices occurs in a clockwise direction. On the other hand, beta sheets have polypeptide chains folded in a manner that makes the regular structures be enjoined alongside each other. The third level of the protein structure is a three dimensional representation of a ll the polypeptide chains and other secondary structures. The structure remains in place because of ionic interactions, hydrogen bonds, sulfur bridges, and van der waals forces. The fourth level of structure is the quaternary structure defined by a specific complex shape taken by the different polypeptide chains with different forces holding up the structure (Whitford, 2005). Figure one Levels of Protein Structure De-oxy-ribonuclease This is one of the critical enzymes found in both higher